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Bacterial Counts and Physical Properties of Hatching Eggshells Sprayed with a Formaldehyde Solution.

Gabriel da Silva Oliveira1,2, Igor Rafael Ribeiro Vale2, Luana Maria de Jesus2

  • 1Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2025
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Summary

Formaldehyde (FA) spray effectively reduced bacteria on hatching eggs but severely damaged shell microstructure. Poultry companies should weigh FA risks against potential production losses from shell integrity issues.

Keywords:
egg sanitizationeggshell hatchingeggshell microbiologypoultrypoultry safetytoxic products

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Area of Science:

  • Poultry Science
  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Bacterial contamination of hatching eggs poses a significant risk in poultry production.
  • Formaldehyde (FA) fumigation is a common sanitization method, but its toxicity raises concerns.
  • Limited research exists on liquid FA solutions for hatching egg sanitization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of sprayable formaldehyde (FA) in reducing bacterial contamination on hatching eggshells.
  • To assess the impact of sprayable FA on the physical properties of eggshells, including microstructure, weight percentage, and thickness.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of FA solutions (0.5%, 1%, 2%) for bacterial growth inhibition.
  • Application of FA solutions to eggshells to determine bacterial load reduction.
  • Analysis of eggshell microstructure, relative weight percentage, and thickness post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • FA solutions demonstrated in vitro inhibition of bacterial growth.
  • Sprayable FA significantly reduced bacterial load on eggshell surfaces.
  • FA treatment caused severe damage to the eggshell's microstructure and physical integrity.

Conclusions:

  • While effective at reducing bacterial contamination, formaldehyde poses significant risks to hatching eggshell integrity.
  • Poultry operations using FA should consider the potential for production losses due to FA-induced shell damage.
  • Further research into safer alternatives for hatching egg sanitization is warranted.