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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study tested quantum secret sharing on real quantum hardware. Certain schemes showed similar performance, achieving a 70-75% success rate in reconstructing quantum secrets.

Keywords:
error mitigationquantum computingquantum cryptographyquantum error correctionquantum secret sharing (QSS)qubitqutrit

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Quantum Computing Hardware

Background:

  • Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is crucial for secure quantum information storage.
  • Theoretical QSS is well-developed, but practical device performance is under-explored.
  • Real-world implementation challenges for QSS schemes are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a pedagogical description of QSS encoding and decoding circuits.
  • To test the performance of various QSS codes on IBM's 127-qubit Brisbane quantum processor.
  • To evaluate QSS implementation quality using SWAP tests and entanglement fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented and tested different quantum secret sharing codes on a superconducting quantum processor.
  • Utilized SWAP tests to compare the fidelity of reconstructed quantum states with ideal states.
  • Assessed entanglement fidelity to quantify how well QSS codes preserve quantum correlations.
  • Compared schemes employing mid-circuit measurement versus delayed-circuit measurement.

Main Results:

  • A ((3,5)) threshold and a 7-qubit non-threshold scheme demonstrated comparable performance.
  • Both successful schemes achieved a 70-75% pass rate on the SWAP test for reconstructed secrets.
  • A ((2,3)) qutrit threshold scheme performed poorly, attributed to increased multi-qubit gate complexity.
  • Performance differences between mid-circuit and delayed-circuit measurement strategies were investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum secret sharing schemes can be implemented on current quantum hardware with moderate success rates.
  • The complexity of encoding/decoding circuits significantly impacts QSS performance on noisy quantum devices.
  • Further research is needed to optimize QSS protocols for practical quantum computing applications.