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Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics
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Corticomuscular Coupling Analysis in Archery Based on Transfer Entropy.

Yunrui Zhang1, Yue Leng1, Xiaozhi Li2

  • 1School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2025
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Summary

This study reveals that brain-to-muscle communication in archery primarily uses alpha and beta brainwaves. Archery training optimizes brain activity, reducing fatigue effects on this corticomuscular coupling.

Keywords:
archerycorticalmuscular couplingtransfer entropy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Understanding corticomuscular coupling is crucial for motor learning.
  • Archery provides a unique model to study brain-muscle interactions during a skilled task.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate information transfer between brain (EEG) and muscle (EMG) signals in novice archers.
  • To assess how archery training impacts corticomuscular coupling characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 26 novice archers.
  • Calculated transfer entropy (TE) between EEG and EMG signals during archery.
  • Analyzed changes after a period of archery training.

Main Results:

  • Predominant information transfer from EEG to EMG observed in alpha and beta frequency bands.
  • Training optimized brain resource allocation in prefrontal and motor cortices, decreasing EEG-to-EMG transfer.
  • Corticomuscular coupling intensity decreased with increased arrows shot, but training mitigated fatigue effects.

Conclusions:

  • Alpha and beta bands play key roles in archery's inhibitory control and muscle stability.
  • Archery training enhances neural efficiency and resilience to fatigue in corticomuscular pathways.