Healing Efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Hydrogels in Experimental Second-Degree Burns

Second-degree burns are common dermal injuries requiring effective interventions to promote timely and complete skin regeneration. This study evaluated the wound-healing efficacy of topical hydrogels containing powdered licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w in a standardized murine model. Female SKH-hrHR2 hairless mice (n = 8 per group) were subjected to second-degree thermal burns, and treatment hydrogel formulations were applied once daily under occlusive dressings. Wound healing was assessed by planimetric area measurements, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and histopathology. By Day 19, complete wound closure was achieved in 87.5% of animals in the 5% group, compared with 50.0% in the 10% group, 37.5% in the 20% group, and 25.0% in the sodium alginate control (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.008). TEWL remained unchanged in the 5% group (baseline vs. Day 19: 8.4 ± 1.2 vs. 8.6 ± 1.3 g/m²/h; p > 0.05) but increased significantly in all other groups (e.g., sodium alginate: 8.2 ± 1.1 to 13.5 ± 2.0 g/m²/h; p = 0.0001). Histologically, the 5% formulation showed near-normal epidermal architecture and minimal inflammation (mean total score 2.0) compared with higher concentrations (6.0 for 10% and 7.3 for 20%) and sodium alginate (8.3). These findings demonstrate that a 5% Glycyrrhiza glabra hydrogel provides, among the concentrations studied here, the most favorable balance of wound closure, barrier restoration, and histological recovery, supporting its further development as a topical therapy for second-degree burns.