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Fibronectin- and Bioactive Glass-Modified Alginate Scaffolds Support Limited Primary Cell Proliferation In Vitro yet

Benedetta Guagnini1,2, Andrea Mazzoleni2,3, Adrien Moya2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Alginate-hydroxyapatite scaffolds modified with fibronectin or bioactive glass show good biocompatibility for bone regeneration. However, primary cell responses differ from immortalized cells, impacting scaffold evaluation for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
alginatebioactive glassbone scaffoldsfibronectinhydroxyapatitemesenchymal stromal cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Alginate-hydroxyapatite (AL) scaffolds modified with fibronectin (FN) or bioactive glass (BGMS10) are promising for bone regeneration.
  • Their physicochemical properties have been characterized, but biological evaluations are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the biological performance of FN- and BG-modified AL scaffolds.
  • To assess cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and in vivo host response.
  • To compare responses using immortalized and primary stromal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Compared unmodified AL, FN-AL, and BG-AL scaffolds using immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells (M-SOD) and primary human bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs).
  • Evaluated cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic marker expression.
  • Assessed in vivo host response via subcutaneous implantation in nude mice.

Main Results:

  • FN scaffolds enhanced adhesion for all cell types and M-SOD proliferation.
  • Primary cells showed limited expansion on all scaffolds.
  • BG scaffolds promoted osteogenic markers in BM-MSCs but not ASCs.
  • In vivo studies showed good biocompatibility, host cell infiltration, and ECM deposition across all scaffolds.
  • Vascularization was limited and similar across groups.

Conclusions:

  • A significant discrepancy exists between immortalized and primary stromal cell responses to scaffold modifications.
  • Scaffold evaluation requires careful consideration of the cell source.
  • All tested scaffolds demonstrated good in vivo integration, highlighting the importance of host responses in biomaterial translation.