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Intensity-Modulated Interventional Radiotherapy (Modern Brachytherapy) Using 3D-Printed Applicators with Multilayer

Enrico Rosa1,2, Sofia Raponi3, Bruno Fionda4

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Journal of Personalized Medicine
|October 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3D-printed applicator with multilayer catheters and high-density shielding improves radiation dose delivery for non-melanoma skin cancer treatment. This technology enhances target coverage while significantly reducing doses to nearby organs at risk (OARs).

Keywords:
3D-printingNMSCinterventional radiotherapypersonalized radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • 3D Printing in Medicine

Background:

  • Investigates a 3D-printed applicator for contact interventional radiotherapy (IRT) in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
  • Focuses on integrating multilayer catheter geometry and high-density shielding for improved dosimetric outcomes.
  • Aims to enhance target coverage and minimize dose to organs at risk (OARs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the dosimetric impact of a novel 3D-printed applicator design.
  • To assess the potential of multilayer catheters and shielding to optimize dose distribution in NMSC treatment.
  • To compare TG-43 and TG-186 dosimetry formalisms in this specific application.

Main Methods:

  • Virtual prototype design using 3D modeling and fused deposition modeling.
  • Dosimetric simulations using TG-43 and TG-186 formalisms on CT phantom data.
  • Analysis of varying shielding thicknesses (3-15 mm) on clinical target volumes (CTVs) and a neighboring OAR.

Main Results:

  • TG-186 formalism showed lower OAR doses compared to TG-43, with similar CTV coverage.
  • Increased shielding thickness (optimal at 6-9 mm) improved CTV coverage (V95%, V100%) and reduced OAR dose.
  • Therapeutic window remained favorable (>7 mm), supporting treatment of thicker lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printed applicator with multilayer catheters and shielding effectively modulates dose and spares OARs in superficial IRT.
  • This customizable approach advances personalized brachytherapy and precision medicine in radiation oncology.
  • Further research including phantom validation and clinical studies is recommended for translation.