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Productivity Improvement of Human Papillomavirus-like Particles in Insect Cells Using Hyper-Expression Baculovirus

Jae-Bang Choi1, Ji-Hoon Lee1, Eun-Ha Kim1

  • 1Optipharm Inc., Osong 28158, Republic of Korea.

Vaccines
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hyper-expression system significantly boosted the production of human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. This advancement promises more affordable and accessible HPV immunization globally.

Keywords:
HPVL1 proteinVLPhyper-expression baculovirus vector systemvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, utilizing L1 proteins, demonstrate high efficacy against HPV-associated diseases.
  • Current production yields for commercial HPV VLPs are suboptimal, limiting accessibility.
  • Developing efficient production methods is crucial for expanding global HPV immunization coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance HPV VLP production efficiency using a novel hyper-expression vector system.
  • To express L1 proteins from four major HPV serotypes (6, 11, 16, and 18).
  • To evaluate the structural and immunogenic properties of the produced quadrivalent VLPs.

Main Methods:

  • HPV L1 proteins were expressed in Trichoplusia ni (Hi5) insect cells using a hyper-expression baculovirus vector.
  • VLPs were purified via microfluidization and a two-step chromatographic process.
  • Particle morphology was assessed using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering; immunogenicity was tested in a murine model.

Main Results:

  • High-level expression of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 L1 proteins was achieved, forming uniform VLPs (50-60 nm diameter).
  • The average production yield of quadrivalent VLPs exceeded 40 mg/L, surpassing conventional yields.
  • Purified VLPs induced strong HPV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses in mice, comparable to Gardasil.

Conclusions:

  • The hyper-expression baculovirus vector system facilitates high-yield production of HPV L1 VLPs.
  • The produced VLPs possess desirable structural and immunogenic characteristics.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for cost-effective, scalable manufacturing of next-generation HPV VLP vaccines, potentially improving global access.