Cerebellar Mechanisms Underlying Autism-like Cognitive Deficits in Mouse Offspring with Prenatal Valproic Acid...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication and repetitive behaviors, involving various brain regions. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of autism; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to establish a prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-induced mouse model of ASD and explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying cerebellar ASD-like phenotypes through DIA-based proteomics and bioinformatics analyses. Significant cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behaviors were detected using an open field test and novel object test following VPA exposure, respectively. Additionally, reduced numbers of Purkinje cells with irregular arrangement were observed in the cerebellum. Furthermore, cerebellar proteomics analyses revealed that they identified 193 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in multiple pathways, including axon guidance, glutamatergic synapse, long-term potentiation, and calcium signaling, among others. Notably, dysfunction of glutamate receptor signaling and disruptions in axon-guidance signaling appear to be major molecular mechanisms underlying cerebellar impairment. Together, these findings suggest that Grin2b may serve as a critical molecule linking synaptic neurotransmission and neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, Grin2b may represent a potential therapeutic target for addressing cognitive impairment in ASD.