Impact of Balloon Postdilation on Long-Term Bioprosthesis Durability After TAVR

While balloon postdilation (BPD) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement may enhance hemodynamic performance by optimizing valve expansion, it was also linked with leaflet mechanical stress, potentially reducing valve durability. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of BPD on long-term bioprosthetic valve durability.

We analyzed the data of a prospective single-center registry including consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement between May 2007 and March 2024 alive at 1-year and without a valve-in-valve procedure. To reduce imbalance in baseline and procedural characteristics, the effect of BPD on events was assessed using a propensity score-matched population (215 patients with BPD versus 761 patients without BPD, out of a total of 1911 patients). The primary end point was the occurrence of stage 2 or 3 hemodynamic valve deterioration according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-3.

In the propensity-score matched population, BPD was associated with a lower risk of stage 2 or 3 hemodynamic valve deterioration occurrence compared with no-BPD (2.8% versus 5.8%; subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.15-0.95]; P=0.039), and a lower rate of bioprosthetic valve failure (2.8% versus 5.1%; subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.15-0.98]; P=0.046). Long-term echocardiographic follow-up up to 10 years showed better hemodynamic parameters over time in patients with BPD. A trend toward a higher prevalence of heart failure hospitalization was observed in patients with BPD.

BPD was associated with a lower incidence of stage 2 and 3 hemodynamic valve deterioration and bioprosthetic valve failure, along with improved bioprosthetic valve hemodynamic parameters over time. Further studies are warranted.