Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) hospitalized at Shafa Hospital, Kerman: 2022

Mucormycosis, commonly known as 'black fungus,' has emerged as a significant health threat during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a marked increase in prevalence among infected individuals. This study focuses on identifying the characteristics of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients in Kerman.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shafa Hospital, Kerman, in 2022, following ethical approval from Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Patients with confirmed mucormycosis and positive COVID-19 PCR results were included using a census method. Diagnosis involved PCR testing, histopathological examination, and imaging studies. Data were collected from medical records by a trained student, ensuring anonymity. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Among 37 patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in 2022, 34 had complete medical records. The mean age was 58.8 ± 17.2 years, with a gender distribution of 58.8% female and 41.2% male. Mucormycosis was diagnosed 2-4 weeks after COVID-19 infection in 55.9% of cases. Pulmonary involvement was noted in 97.1% of patients, and corticosteroid use was prevalent in 85.3%. Diabetes and hypertension were present in 64.7% and 35.3% of patients, respectively. Opioid use was significantly higher in males (75.0%) compared to females (25.0%) (P = 0.042).

This study reveals a higher prevalence of mucormycosis among older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions, particularly those who are immunocompromised, following COVID-19. The timing of diagnosis suggests a link between COVID-19-related immune compromise and mucormycosis onset, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring during recovery. The significant pulmonary involvement underscores the necessity for routine respiratory screenings in at-risk populations. Additionally, the higher opioid use among males indicates a need to reassess pain management protocols to consider their impact on immune function. Understanding these patterns can inform targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes in diverse healthcare settings.