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Risk for Adolescent Substance Use Initiation: Associations with Large-Scale Brain Network Recruitment During

Julia E Cohen-Gilbert1,2,3, Jennifer T Sneider1,2, Emily N Oot1,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced activation in the left lateral frontoparietal network (lL-FPN) during emotional inhibitory tasks in adolescents predicts higher risk for substance use initiation. This finding suggests a neurobiological marker for self-regulation vulnerability.

Keywords:
ICAadolescencebrain networkemotionfMRIinhibitory controlsubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Development
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation and increased vulnerability to substance use.
  • Impulsivity during emotional situations may elevate the risk of initiating substance use.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of self-regulation is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between large-scale brain network activation during emotional inhibitory control and subsequent substance use initiation in adolescents.
  • To identify potential neurobiological markers for self-regulation vulnerability.
  • To inform early identification and prevention strategies for adolescent substance use.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain network activation in healthy, substance-naïve adolescents (aged 13-14).
  • Participants completed an emotional inhibitory control task (Go-NoGo) while undergoing fMRI.
  • Survival analysis (Cox regression) was employed to link network activation strength to substance use initiation over a 3-year follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • Lower activation strength in the left lateral frontoparietal network (lL-FPN) during the Negative NoGo > Neutral NoGo contrast was significantly associated with a higher hazard of substance use initiation (p = 0.008).
  • No significant associations were found for the right lateral frontoparietal network (rL-FPN) or the dorsal attention network (DAN).
  • Diminished lL-FPN engagement during inhibitory control in negative emotional contexts predicted earlier substance use initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced engagement of the lL-FPN during tasks requiring inhibitory control under negative emotional conditions may serve as a neurobiological marker for self-regulation vulnerability in adolescents.
  • This finding highlights the potential for targeting lL-FPN function in early identification and prevention efforts.
  • Neuroimaging can identify adolescents at higher risk for substance use initiation, enabling timely interventions.