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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

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Genome-Wide Association Study of Morphological Defects in Nellore Cattle Using a Binary Trait Framework.

Milena A F Campos^1,2, Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira², Henrique A Mulim²

¹School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil.

|October 29, 2025

Summary

Genome-wide association studies identified genetic markers for four morphological defects in Nellore cattle, including feet and legs, chamfer, hump, and loin issues. These findings offer insights into improving structural soundness in beef cattle breeding programs.

Keywords:

Nellore cattle QTL candidate genes fastGWA-GLMM structural soundness threshold trait zebu

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Area of Science:

Animal Genetics
Quantitative Genetics
Beef Cattle Production

Background:

Morphological defects in Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) lead to culling and reduced productivity.
The genetic basis for traits like limb malformations and loin deviations is poorly understood in this breed.
Six specific defects were examined: feet and legs malformation, chamfer asymmetry, fallen hump, loin deviation, jaw misalignment, and navel irregularities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic architecture of six morphological defects in Nellore cattle.
To identify genetic markers associated with these defects using a genome-wide association study (GWAS).
To provide insights for breeding strategies to enhance structural soundness.

Main Methods:

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was employed.
Analyses utilized a linear mixed model framework adapted for binary traits.
Data included 3369 to 23,206 genotyped animals and 385,079 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after quality control.

Main Results:

Significant genetic associations were found for feet and legs, chamfer, hump, and loin defects.
No significant markers were detected for jaw or navel defects, potentially due to smaller sample sizes.
Gene annotation identified candidate genes related to bone remodeling, muscle development, and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions:

Candidate genes are involved in crucial biological functions impacting cattle structure and health.
Identified genetic factors overlap with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for conformation and productivity traits.
Findings contribute to understanding genetic control of morphological defects and inform breeding for improved structural soundness in Nellore cattle.