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Sex-Specific Gene Expression Differences in Varicose Veins.

Mariya A Smetanina1,2, Valeria A Korolenya1,3, Ksenia S Sevostyanova4,5,6

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|October 29, 2025
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Sex influences gene expression in varicose veins (VVs), impacting vein wall remodeling. This study reveals sex-specific gene regulation, offering insights into VV development and potential targeted treatments.

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chronic venous diseasegene expressionsex differencesvaricose veins

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Sex Differences in Medicine

Background:

  • Varicose veins (VVs) show higher prevalence in women, necessitating research into sex-specific factors.
  • Understanding sex differences in gene expression is crucial for developing tailored healthcare strategies for VVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how biological sex influences gene expression profiles in the vein wall during varicose transformation.
  • To identify specific genes and regulatory mechanisms affected by sex in the pathogenesis of VVs.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on paired varicose vein (VV) and non-varicose vein (NV) samples.
  • Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis to assess the predictive value of sex and other patient characteristics on gene expression levels.
  • Identification of potential sex hormone receptor binding sites in regulatory regions of differentially expressed genes.

Main Results:

  • Validated differential expression of 23 genes in VVs.
  • Sex was a moderate predictor for STK38L expression in VVs (higher in women) and EBF1 expression in NVs (lower in women).
  • Sex was a strong predictor for TIMP1 expression in VVs (lower in women), indicating significant sex-specific regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Differential gene expression in VVs suggests involvement in vein wall remodeling.
  • Sex-specific gene expression patterns point towards hormonal regulation and other mechanisms in VV pathogenesis.
  • Findings enhance understanding of sex-related VV development and may inform future therapeutic strategies.