Clinicopathological Characteristics and Oncologic Outcomes of Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study...

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathological features, treatment, and survival outcomes and to identify independent prognosticators for recurrence and mortality in patients with endometrioid ovarian cancer. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma between January 2010 and December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and disease-related data were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using log rank test and Cox regression was performed. Results: Seventy-six patients were included in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 54 years (range 31-86). A total of 85.5% of the patients were diagnosed with early-stage disease and 88.1% of the tumours represented low-grade carcinomas. Synchronous endometrioid endometrial cancer was confirmed in 19.7% of the cases. All patients underwent surgical management and 65.8% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up time was 67.5 months. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 92.1% and 93.4%, respectively. The risk of cancer-related death was higher in advanced stages (HR = 13.86; 95% CI 2.16-57.17; p < 0.001) and in the presence of residual disease (HR = 15.18; 95% CI 2.36-87.17; p < 0.002). Residual disease and advanced stages were also identified as independent risk factors for disease relapse with HR = 16.04 (95% CI 2.61-93.7; p < 0.002) and HR = 11.73 (95% CI 1.92-41.6; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma usually affects younger patients with the majority of the cases representing low-grade carcinomas diagnosed at early stages. Residual disease and advanced stages are independently associated with inferior survival outcomes. There was no significance of lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy in the overall and recurrence-free survival rates. Further research focusing on molecular profiling should aim to define the prevalence and the prognostic value of major molecular alterations and develop precise stratification models to plan personalised treatment for optimal care.