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Comprehensive Validation of the TrAI4Nel Simulator for Nelore Artificial Insemination Training: A Controlled Study.

Heitor Azuaga-Filho1, Alexandre Santos1, Bruno Colaço2,3

  • 1Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso-Campus Cáceres, Cáceres 78201-382, MT, Brazil.

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Summary

The TrAI4Nel simulator effectively trains artificial insemination (AI) technicians for Nelore cattle (Bos indicus). This simulator enhances skill transfer and success rates compared to traditional methods, prioritizing animal welfare.

Keywords:
Bos indicusbovine AI trainingsimulation educationsimulator’s validitytraining effectivenesstraining success

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Reproduction
  • Agricultural Technology

Background:

  • Artificial insemination (AI) training for cattle requires specialized anatomical models.
  • Existing simulators often focus on Bos taurus breeds, limiting applicability for Bos indicus breeds prevalent in many regions.
  • There is a need for effective and ethical AI training tools for Bos indicus cattle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the TrAI4Nel simulator for artificial insemination (AI) training in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus).
  • To assess the simulator's validity, usability, and training effectiveness compared to traditional methods.
  • To evaluate the impact of simulator-integrated training on skill acquisition, confidence, and success rates.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-dimensional validation framework including face, physical, content, construct, and concurrent validity.
  • Usability and training effectiveness assessments involving AI technicians and experts.
  • Randomized controlled trial comparing simulator-integrated training with abattoir specimen-based training.

Main Results:

  • Trainees reported high satisfaction with the simulator's anatomical realism and procedural consistency.
  • Simulator-trained participants showed significantly improved skill transfer to live animals and higher AI success rates (78.6% vs. 52.6%).
  • The TrAI4Nel simulator reduced trainee anxiety and increased confidence and perceived preparedness.

Conclusions:

  • The TrAI4Nel simulator is a valid, effective, and ethically sound tool for Bos indicus AI training.
  • Simulator integration enhances learning outcomes, supporting animal welfare and improving reproductive management in zebu-dependent regions.
  • Optimizing training sequences, potentially involving initial exposure to biological specimens, may further enhance learning efficiency.