Chronic Implications of Bilateral Foot Pattern Variability in Schoolchildren

Foot morphology plays a central role in musculoskeletal development during childhood. Variations in the medial longitudinal arch may influence walking mechanics, and excess body weight can further affect plantar structure and gait.

This study examined the relationship between foot type, body mass index (BMI), and gait function in school-aged children, with particular focus on gait symmetry as a sensitive marker.

Ninety-eight children aged 8-16 years were evaluated. Foot type was classified using a pressure platform, and gait was assessed with a wearable sensor. Outcomes included gait symmetry, walking speed, cadence, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD).

Mixed bilateral foot patterns were observed in 46 of the 98 participants (47%). Significant associations were found between foot type, BMI, and gait symmetry (p < 0.01), while other mobility measures (speed, cadence, TUG, 6MWD) remained stable across groups. Children with normal bilateral feet showed the best gait symmetry, whereas mixed patterns had the lowest.

Gait symmetry is a sensitive indicator of functional imbalance in schoolchildren and is strongly influenced by both foot morphology and body weight. Incorporating plantar assessment and BMI monitoring into routine pediatric evaluations may help clinicians identify children at risk for long-term musculoskeletal problems at an early stage.