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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
Published on: February 17, 2023
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide Alleviates IL-1β-Induced Insulin Resistance by Modulating NOX2-Driven ROS
Chih-Ching Yen1, Chia-Wen Lo2, Jyun-Lin Lee3
1Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan.
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND) combats insulin resistance (IR) by reducing oxidative stress and restoring insulin signaling pathways. This natural compound shows promise for treating obesity-related IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Obesity is linked to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation.
- Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in IR development.
- 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND), from Andrographis paniculata, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the protective effects of deAND against IL-1β-induced IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of deAND's action on insulin signaling pathways.
Main Methods:
- Network pharmacology analysis to identify deAND's potential targets.
- Experimental induction of IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using IL-1β.
- Assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NOX2 activity, MAPK pathway activation (ERK, JNK), IRS-1/AKT phosphorylation, and glucose uptake.
Main Results:
- IL-1β induced ROS production and impaired insulin signaling by activating ERK/JNK and reducing IRS-1/AKT phosphorylation, leading to decreased glucose uptake.
- deAND pretreatment inhibited NOX2-derived ROS generation.
- deAND restored IRS-1/AKT phosphorylation and reversed IL-1β-induced reduction in glucose uptake.
Conclusions:
- deAND alleviates IL-1β-induced IR in adipocytes by inhibiting NOX2-mediated oxidative stress.
- deAND restores insulin signaling and enhances glucose uptake, suggesting therapeutic potential for obesity-related IR.
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