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High-Power Laser Therapy Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Redox Balance Without Cytotoxicity: An In Vitro Study

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High-power laser therapy shows dual-phase effects on BV-2 microglial cells, modulating redox balance and inflammation. This study defines safe parameters for potential therapeutic applications in musculoskeletal and neurological conditions.

Keywords:
high-intensity lasermitochondrial functionoxidative stresssafety profile

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Laser Therapy

Background:

  • Growing interest in high-power laser devices for therapeutic potential in deeper tissues.
  • Comparison to photobiomodulation for modulating inflammatory and redox processes.
  • First study evaluating high-power laser therapy safety and redox modulation in BV-2 microglial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the safety profile of high-power laser therapy in BV-2 microglial cells.
  • Assess the redox modulation capacity of high-power laser therapy.
  • Investigate cellular responses to different laser irradiation protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of BV-2 microglial cells to three high-power laser irradiation protocols (650/810/915/980 nm, 657 J total dose).
  • Variable distances applied to simulate in vivo power attenuation.
  • Assessment of cell viability, apoptosis, ATP, MMP, ROS, NO, and intracellular calcium at multiple time points (5 min to 24 h).

Main Results:

  • Protocol A demonstrated protective bioenergetic effects: increased cell viability, ATP, and decreased apoptosis and ROS.
  • Protocol C induced transient oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).
  • Protocol A selectively increased nitric oxide (NO) levels, suggesting inflammatory modulation without cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • High-power laser therapy exhibits dual-phase modulation of redox balance, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory mediators (NO) in BV-2 microglial cells.
  • Findings contribute to defining safe and effective parameters for high-power laser therapy.
  • Potential applications in musculoskeletal and neurological conditions are suggested.