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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
718
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
212
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Using Multiple Light Scattering to Examine the Stability of Phyllanthus emblica L. Extracts Obtained with Different Extraction Methods
06:12

Using Multiple Light Scattering to Examine the Stability of Phyllanthus emblica L. Extracts Obtained with Different Extraction Methods

Published on: April 14, 2023

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Spray-Dried Multiple Emulsions as Co-Delivery Systems for Chlorogenic Acid and Curcumin.

Javier Paredes-Toledo1, Javier Herrera1, Estefanía González2

  • 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Víctor Jara 3769, Estación Central 9170124, Santiago, Chile.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Spray drying stabilized linseed oil multiple emulsions (MEs) for enhanced polyphenol delivery in functional foods. This method improved encapsulation efficiency and stability for chlorogenic acid (CGA) and curcumin (CU).

Keywords:
chlorogenic acidcurcuminin vitro gastrointestinal digestionmultiple emulsionsspray drying

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyphenols like chlorogenic acid (CGA) and curcumin (CU) have limited use in functional foods due to poor stability and bioavailability.
  • Developing effective delivery systems is crucial for enhancing polyphenol application in food products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To co-encapsulate chlorogenic acid (CGA) and curcumin (CU) into spray-dried linseed oil multiple emulsions (MEs).
  • To evaluate the impact of spray drying on the stability, encapsulation efficiency, and bioaccessibility of co-encapsulated polyphenols under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of water-in-oil-in-water MEs using linseed oil and modified starch.
  • Optimization of spray-drying conditions using response surface methodology to minimize surface oil.
  • Characterization of microparticles for encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphology, oxidative stability, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion (INFOGEST protocol).

Main Results:

  • High encapsulation efficiency (~88-90%) for both CGA and CU was achieved in spray-dried microparticles.
  • Spray drying significantly improved CGA retention and enhanced oxidative stability compared to liquid MEs.
  • CGA bioaccessibility increased in microparticles (47.6%) versus MEs (29.2%), while CU bioaccessibility decreased (62.7% vs 83.6%) due to reduced lipid digestion.

Conclusions:

  • Spray drying effectively stabilizes linseed oil-based MEs, enabling co-encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds.
  • The developed microparticles show potential as multifunctional delivery systems for enhancing polyphenol stability and targeted release in functional foods.