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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Differences in Athletic Ability in Racehorses Based on Whole Transcriptome
Qiuping Huang1, Wanlu Ren1,2, Dehaxi Shan1
1College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Biology
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Transcriptome sequencing reveals key genes and RNAs influencing athletic performance in Yili horses. This research identifies molecular mechanisms behind equine speed and endurance, aiding in the discovery of candidate genes for improved racing ability.
Area of Science:
- Equine genomics and transcriptomics
- Molecular biology of athletic performance
- Comparative genomics in animal science
Background:
- Understanding the genetic basis of athletic performance is crucial for equine breeding and training.
- Yili horses are a significant breed in racing, but their molecular mechanisms for performance are not fully elucidated.
- Transcriptome sequencing offers a powerful tool to explore gene expression differences related to performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the blood transcriptomes of Yili horses with outstanding versus average 5000m race performance.
- To identify differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs).
- To elucidate the regulatory networks and enriched pathways associated with equine athletic performance.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples were collected from six healthy four-year-old Yili stallions, divided into excellent (n=3) and ordinary (n=3) performance groups.
- RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was employed to analyze the transcriptomes of both groups.
- Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed RNAs and enriched pathways.
Main Results:
- A total of 2298 mRNAs, 264 lncRNAs, and 215 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the groups.
- Key genes including EGR1, FOSB, MRPL1, LOC100049811, SIRPB2, and CYTB were identified as potential regulators of athletic performance.
- Enriched pathways involved energy metabolism, protein homeostasis, and muscle remodeling.
Conclusions:
- The study reveals significant molecular differences in blood transcriptomes related to athletic performance in Yili horses.
- Identified genes and RNAs provide insights into the biological processes governing equine speed and endurance.
- This research offers a valuable reference for identifying candidate genes and understanding the molecular basis of athletic performance in horses.
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