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Unlocking the Potential of mHealth: Integrating Behaviour Change Techniques in Hypertension App Design
Emily Motta-Yanac1, Riley Victoria1, Naomi J Ellis1
1Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Smartphone apps can aid hypertension self-management, but current options often lack key features. Artificial intelligence-powered apps show more promise for behavior change techniques.
Area of Science:
- Digital Health
- Behavioral Science
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Smartphone applications represent a scalable method for hypertension self-management interventions.
- Existing apps vary in their incorporation of behavior change techniques and functionalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize behavior change technique ontology (BCTO) elements in hypertension self-management apps.
- To map these elements to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).
- To describe app functionalities and assess their quality.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive app store searches identified relevant hypertension self-management apps.
- Analysis of apps for BCTO elements and mapping to TDF.
- Assessment of app functionalities and quality.
Main Results:
- Self-monitoring is a common feature, but goal setting, professional communication, and data export are less prevalent.
- AI-empowered apps utilized a wider range of behavior change techniques (BCTs) than non-AI or RCT-tested apps.
- The most targeted TDF domains were Knowledge, Emotions, Behavioral regulation, Skills, and Beliefs about Consequences.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension self-management apps include various BCTs but can be enhanced with more functionalities.
- Greater incorporation of BCTOs is needed to address intrinsic and habitual behavior aspects.
- AI integration may offer more comprehensive support for behavior change in hypertension management.
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