Risk of Fall in Patients with Functional Hallux Limitus: A Case-Control Study Using an Inertial Measurement Unit

Functional hallux limitus (FHL) is a biomechanical condition defined by restricted motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint during walking, which may impair stability and increase fall risk in older adults. This study compared fall risk between patients with asymptomatic FHL and healthy controls using validated assessments. The case-control design included 40 participants over 65 years, divided into 20 with FHL and 20 controls. Mobility was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go Test, postural stability with the Berg Balance Scale, and fear of falling with the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). No significant differences were found between groups in the Timed Up and Go Test (p = 0.694), Berg Balance Scale (p = 0.903), Falls Efficacy Scale-International (p = 0.913), or spatiotemporal parameters. These results suggest that asymptomatic FHL does not significantly affect mobility, stability, or fear of falling in older adults, indicating that it is not a determining factor for fall risk under controlled conditions. Further research is needed in less controlled settings or in patients with painful FHL.