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Silk Fibroin Protective Coating for Washable and Reusable Textile Electronics.

Anna Baranowska-Korczyc1, Dorota Kowalczyk1, Małgorzata Cieślak1

  • 1Department of Chemical Textiles Technologies, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, 9/27 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 90-570 Lodz, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a washable coating for textile electronics using silk fibroin. This natural protein protects electroconductive carbon nanotubes on fabrics, enabling durable and reusable wearable devices.

Keywords:
HiPCOSWNTssilk fabricsilk fibrointextile electronics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Textile wearable electronics require robust protection for durability and washability.
  • High-pressure carbon monoxide single-walled carbon nanotubes (HiPCO SWNTs) impart conductivity but are prone to washout.
  • Silk fibroin (SF) is a biocompatible, biodegradable natural protein with potential for protective coatings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for protecting functionalized fabrics for wearable electronics.
  • To enhance the stability and washability of electroconductive textiles using silk fibroin.
  • To investigate the efficacy of crystallized silk fibroin as a protective layer for HiPCO SWNTs on fabric.

Main Methods:

  • Fabric functionalization with varying amounts of HiPCO SWNTs.
  • Coating the functionalized fabric with silk fibroin solution.
  • Crystallization of silk fibroin using ethanol vapor to achieve water insolubility.
  • Characterization using electrical resistance measurements, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface wettability tests.

Main Results:

  • The silk fibroin coating effectively protected the HiPCO SWNTs on the fabric.
  • The electrical resistance of the functionalized fabric did not increase significantly after silk fibroin coating.
  • The crystallized silk fibroin coating enabled successful washing of the textile structure.
  • Surface wettability analysis confirmed the protective layer formation.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallized silk fibroin provides a stable, washable protective coating for electroconductive nanomaterials on textiles.
  • This silk fibroin coating facilitates the development of durable and reusable textile wearable electronics.
  • The method offers a promising approach for integrating electronics into fabrics for diverse applications.