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Redox System Dysfunction as a Key Mechanism in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathogenesis
Clarissa Aires de Oliveira1, Eugenio Luigi Iorio2, Foued Salmen Espíndola1
1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-319, MG, Brazil.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves redox system dysfunction, not just oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. This dysfunction progresses through stages, impacting cellular and neurodevelopmental functions, offering a new paradigm for ASD research.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood.
- Previous research focused on simple oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in ASD.
- A broader view of redox system dysfunction is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reframe the understanding of oxidative stress in ASD.
- To present a unifying paradigm connecting biochemical dysfunction to ASD heterogeneity.
- To explore the role of redox systems in ASD development.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 1102 publications from 2002 to July 2025.
- Analysis of scientific databases for studies on ASD and redox systems.
- Narrative synthesis of evidence on redox system dysfunction in ASD.
Main Results:
- Redox system dysfunction, not just imbalance, is central to ASD.
- A three-stage progression from primary redox dysfunction to neurodevelopmental alterations.
- Redox systems link cellular function, microbiota, and the gut-brain axis in ASD.
Conclusions:
- Redox system dysfunction offers a unifying paradigm for ASD.
- This framework connects biochemical changes to clinical diversity in ASD.
- Opens new avenues for interdisciplinary ASD research and therapeutic strategies.
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