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Diabetic Retinopathy, a Comprehensive Overview on Pathophysiology and Relevant Experimental Models
Kate Gettinger1,2, Deokho Lee1,2,3, Yohei Tomita1,2,4
1Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) research explores its pathology and experimental models. Understanding these models aids in developing effective treatments for this diabetes complication causing vision loss.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Pathology
Background:
- Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss globally.
- DR prevalence is increasing due to rising diabetes rates.
- Understanding DR pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the general pathology of diabetic retinopathy.
- To summarize current in vivo and in vitro experimental models of DR.
- To provide a foundation for future DR research and therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of DR pathology and experimental models.
- Analysis of mechanisms including hyperglycemia, vascular dysfunction, ischemia, inflammation, and degeneration.
- Summary of various animal models (murine, rat, monkey, cat) and in vitro systems (monocultures, co-cultures, 3D models).
Main Results:
- Detailed overview of DR pathogenesis, encompassing key molecular and cellular events.
- Comprehensive summary of diverse experimental models used to study DR.
- Inclusion of novel models like carotid artery occlusion in diabetic mice.
Conclusions:
- Experimental models are vital for elucidating DR pathogenesis.
- This review consolidates knowledge on DR pathology and models.
- Further research using these models can advance DR treatment strategies.
