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Pleiotropic Mucosal Innate Immune Memory in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Rachel H Cohen1,2, Sean P Colgan1,3, Ian M Cartwright1,3

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Innate immune cells can remember past exposures, a process called trained immunity. This review explores trained immunity in the gut and its potential for treating gastrointestinal disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Innate immune cells possess a form of immune memory, known as trained immunity.
  • This memory involves lasting epigenetic and metabolic alterations in immune cells.
  • The gastrointestinal tract is a critical site for innate immunity due to its barrier function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental mechanisms of innate immune memory.
  • To discuss the function of innate immune cells in the intestine.
  • To explore intestinal-specific trained immunity and its therapeutic applications in gastrointestinal disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on trained immunity.
  • Analysis of innate immune cell roles in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Examination of epigenetic and metabolic changes associated with trained immunity.

Main Results:

  • Trained immunity involves epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells.
  • Innate immune cells play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and defense.
  • Intestinal trained immunity exhibits unique characteristics and therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Trained immunity is a significant factor in innate immune responses within the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Targeting trained immunity offers promising therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Further research into intestinal trained immunity is warranted for clinical applications.