Tumor-Derived Microvesicles Promote Kidney Regeneration and Cytoprotective Immunomodulation

Background: A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the potential of extracellular, tumor-derived microvesicles (MVs)s in promoting kidney regeneration. Methods: MVs were collected from L929 sarcoma, LLC, and B16 melanoma cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The regenerative activity of MVs was evaluated in an experimental murine model of chronic kidney injury (CKI). Results: Both tumor-derived MVs (T-MVs) and MSC-derived MVs (MSC-MVs) significantly improved kidney function and histological structure. Specifically, the height of collecting tubules in the middle third of the renal medulla returned to normal levels following MV treatment. Both T-MVs and MSC-MVs reduced the proportion of pro-inflammatory CD4+CD44+ T cells in renal cell infiltrates and spleens of CKI mice. Furthermore, treatment with these MVs increased the number of natural CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen, indicating their immunomodulatory effects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that T-MVs, similar to MSC-MVs, possess a universal capacity to promote kidney tissue regeneration and exert anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects.