Antimicrobial Resistance and Causal Relationship: A Complex Approach Between Medicine and Dentistry

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Public Health
• Dental Science

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health challenge.
• AMR's origins and impacts are multifactorial, extending beyond antibiotic misuse.
• Dentistry plays an emerging role in the dynamics of AMR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore AMR as a complex, multifactorial phenomenon.
• To highlight the role of dentistry and periodontal biofilms in AMR.
• To emphasize the need for systemic strategies to combat AMR.

Main Methods:

• Narrative literature review.
• Analysis of textbooks, peer-reviewed articles, and WHO reports.
• Focus on recent findings regarding periodontal biofilms and resistance genes.

Main Results:

• AMR develops through bacterial mutations, gene transfer, environmental factors, healthcare practices, and patient behaviors.
• Subgingival microresistances in dentistry are increasingly relevant.
• Current strategies may be insufficient without a broader, integrated approach.

Conclusions:

• Combating AMR requires more than reducing prescriptions or developing new drugs.
• A systemic, interdisciplinary approach integrating various fields is essential.
• Awareness of AMR's complexity is crucial for effective strategies and mitigating its implications.