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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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Polymeric Nanocarrier-Based Drug Formulations for Enhancing Nose-to-Brain Delivery.

Tobeka Naki1, Sijongesonke Peter1, Sibusiso Alven2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Pharmaceutics
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nanocarriers offer a promising solution for delivering drugs to the brain, overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This approach enhances nose-to-brain drug delivery for neurological disease treatments.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseHIVParkinson’s and Huntington’s diseaseblood–brain barriercancernanocarrierspolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Pharmacology
  • Biomaterials and Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Neurological diseases are challenging to treat due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting drug entry.
  • Conventional drug delivery methods struggle to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore nanocarrier-based strategies for enhancing nose-to-brain drug delivery.
  • To address the limitations of the BBB in treating neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nanocarrier formulations, including polymeric nanocarriers.
  • Investigation of strategies to improve drug permeability, mucoadhesion, and targeting.
  • Focus on functionalization with cell-penetrating peptides for enhanced specificity.

Main Results:

  • Nanocarriers show potential for facilitating nasal systemic and brain delivery of active compounds.
  • Polymeric nanocarriers protect drugs, increase permeability, and improve mucoadhesion.
  • Functionalization enhances the specificity of therapeutic molecule delivery to brain cells.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocarrier-based therapeutic agents are crucial for improving the efficacy of nose-to-brain delivery systems.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy to overcome BBB challenges for neurological treatments.