Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

330
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
330
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

237
Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
237
Three-Compartment Open Model01:06

Three-Compartment Open Model

834
The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
834
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

569
In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
569
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model01:12

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model

362
Extravascular administration, such as oral or intramuscular routes, is a non-invasive drug delivery method, often preferred for ease and patient compliance. A key factor here is absorption, which dictates how quickly and effectively the drug enters the bloodstream from the administration site. Absorption follows either zero-order or first-order kinetics.
Zero-order absorption maintains a steady rate irrespective of the amount of drug left to be absorbed, making it a constant process. In the...
362
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

190
Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
190

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial for the Special Issue "Mathematical Modelling in Drug Delivery".

Pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Optimization and Validation of an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole Detector Mass Spectrometry Quantification Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Tazarotene and Tazarotenic Acid in Porcine Skin: An In Vitro Study.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Transdermal Drug Delivery of Tazarotene: Determining Tazarotene's Potential in Local Transdermal Therapy.

Pharmaceutics·2024
Same author

Estimation of Pediatric Dosage of Antimalarial Drugs, Using Pharmacokinetic and Physiological Approach.

Pharmaceutics·2023
Same author

Transdermal Drug Delivery: Determining Permeation Parameters Using Tape Stripping and Numerical Modeling.

Pharmaceutics·2022
Same author

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in elderly Icelanders and its association with the metabolic syndrome: the AGES-Reykjavik Study.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2021
Same journal

Correction: Mohite et al. Bioactive Compound-Fortified Nanomedicine in the Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancement of the Wound Healing Process: A Review. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 855.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Metal Nanoparticle-Reinforced Hydrogels Applied in the Inhibition of Clinical Pathogens: Structural Features, Mechanisms, and Biomedical Prospects.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Development and Evaluation of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Cipepofol Across Diverse Clinical Populations.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Artificial Intelligence in Nanopharmaceutical Development: From Predictive Design to Clinical Translation.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Textilinin-1, a Snake Venom-Derived Kunitz-Type Protease Inhibitor, Accelerates Wound Healing Through Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, and Pro-Regenerative Activities.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Metformin and cRGDfc-Modified Nanoparticles Loaded with Curcumin for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: In Vitro Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Mechanisms.

Pharmaceutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

26.0K

A Four-Layer Numerical Model for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Parameter Optimization and Experimental Validation Using

Fjola Jonsdottir1, O I Finsen1, B S Snorradottir2

  • 1Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.

Pharmaceutics
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new four-layer skin model accurately simulates transdermal drug delivery, capturing skin

Keywords:
diffusionmass transfermathematical modellingpartitionstratum corneum

More Related Videos

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

47.2K
Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

420

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

26.0K
Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

47.2K
Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

420

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Understanding transdermal drug delivery requires accurate skin models.
  • The skin's layered structure and barrier function are critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a four-layer numerical model for transdermal drug delivery.
  • To simulate drug diffusion through the stratum corneum (SC) and viable skin (RS).

Main Methods:

  • Finite element method implementation in MATLAB.
  • Model calibration using nonlinear least-squares optimization against experimental data.
  • Validation with Franz diffusion cell studies using porcine skin.

Main Results:

  • The four-layer model showed excellent agreement with experimental data.
  • For diclofenac, minimal interfacial resistance was observed at the SC-RS interface.
  • A simplified three-layer model may suffice for drugs with low interfacial effects.

Conclusions:

  • The four-layer model offers a physiologically informed and adaptable platform for transdermal drug delivery simulations.
  • This framework allows for spatial resolution and mechanistic interpretation.
  • It is suitable for various drugs and formulations, especially those with interfacial challenges.