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Related Concept Videos

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Temporomandibular Joint Pain Measurement by Bite Force and Von Frey Filament Assays in Mice
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Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Anna Wydra-Karbarz1, Zbigniew Guzera2, Bogdan Batko3,4

  • 1Dental Office Relax Dental Spa, 26-600 Radom, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatoid arthritis patients have a higher prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), with active inflammation impacting mouth opening. Early TMD screening is crucial for managing TMJ changes in RA.

Keywords:
disease activity scorejawsjoint crepitationmyofascial painorofacial painrheumatoid arthritistemporomandibular disorderstemporomandibular joint

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Oral Medicine
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease.
  • RA commonly affects synovial joints, including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
  • Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are prevalent in RA patients, impacting TMJ function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of TMDs in RA patients.
  • To correlate TMD findings with RA disease activity markers.
  • To investigate the relationship between inflammation and TMJ dysfunction in RA.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing 40 RA patients and 40 healthy subjects (HSs).
  • TMD assessment using Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD.
  • RA severity evaluation via ESR, CRP, RF, anti-CCP, DAS 28, and disease duration.

Main Results:

  • TMD prevalence was 75% in RA patients vs. HS.
  • Orofacial pain (82.5%), myofascial pain, TMJ pain, and TMJ sounds were more frequent in RA patients.
  • Reduced maximal active mouth opening correlated negatively with CRP levels; masticatory muscle tenderness was higher in RA patients.

Conclusions:

  • Active RA inflammation significantly reduces mouth opening.
  • TMD screening should be integrated into RA management, especially for patients with elevated inflammatory markers.
  • Early detection and management of TMDs can mitigate TMJ functional changes and disease severity in RA.