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Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Celiac Disease
Ridhima Kaul1, Claire Jansson-Knodell2, Madison L Simons2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Nutrients
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Celiac disease patients may develop Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) due to diet rigidity and symptoms. Early, multidisciplinary care is crucial for managing ARFID in celiac disease.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Psychiatry
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- Celiac disease (CeD) requires a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), the sole treatment.
- Some CeD patients experience persistent symptoms and psychological distress.
- This can lead to disordered eating, including Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the intersection of ARFID and CeD.
- Examine prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical features, complications, and management.
Main Methods:
- Scoping literature review.
- Analysis of existing studies on ARFID in CeD patients.
Main Results:
- 14-57% of CeD individuals may meet ARFID criteria.
- Contributing factors include GI symptoms, gluten anxiety, and social challenges.
- ARFID in CeD is linked to nutritional deficiencies, anxiety, depression, and social impairment.
Conclusions:
- ARFID diagnosis in CeD is complex due to symptom overlap.
- Multidisciplinary management (medical, nutritional, psychological) is essential.
- Routine screening and integrated care can improve outcomes.
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