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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
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m6A RNA Modification: Technologies Behind Future Anti-Cancer Therapy.

Kristina Shpiliukova1,2, Artyom Kachanov1, Sergey Brezgin1,2

  • 1Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications are crucial in cancer. Targeting m6A regulators offers a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers by restoring epigenetic balance.

Keywords:
NGSgenetic technologiesmetastasisoutcomestargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA epigenetic modification.
  • m6A regulates RNA metabolism and is implicated in cancer pathogenesis.
  • Dysregulation of m6A dynamics contributes to tumor progression and drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in targeting the m6A machinery for cancer therapy.
  • To evaluate strategies for modulating m6A levels and enzyme activity.
  • To identify effective approaches for restoring m6A homeostasis in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on m6A targeting strategies.
  • Analysis of small-molecule inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, and CRISPR/Cas-based tools.
  • Evaluation of methods for writing, erasing, and altering m6A marks.

Main Results:

  • Various therapeutic strategies targeting m6A machinery are emerging.
  • These strategies include small molecules, ASOs, and gene editing tools.
  • Modulating m6A offers potential for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting m6A machinery presents a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer.
  • Restoring m6A homeostasis or manipulating its dynamics can be beneficial.
  • Further research is needed to optimize these strategies for clinical application.