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Two-Color Fluorescence Thermometry Using Lock-in Amplifiers for Background Suppression.

Benjamin R Anderson1, Hergen Eilers2

  • 1Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes lock-in amplifier (LIA) use in two-color fluorescence thermometry. We detail how LIA parameters and background pulses affect background suppression and temperature accuracy for precise thermal measurements.

Keywords:
background suppressionexplosionsfluorescencelock-in amplifiersratio thermometrythermometry

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Measurement Science

Background:

  • Two-color fluorescence thermometry offers non-contact temperature measurement.
  • Lock-in amplifier (LIA) techniques are crucial for sensitive signal detection.
  • Optimizing LIA parameters is essential for accurate thermometry, especially for transient events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study the lock-in amplifier detection technique in two-color fluorescence thermometry.
  • To model and measure the influence of LIA parameters and background pulse characteristics on signal detection.
  • To provide experimental design guidelines for improved accuracy in fluorescence thermometry.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of LIA performance.
  • Experimental measurements of LIA response to varying parameters.
  • Analysis of background pulse effects (width, steepness) on signal suppression.
  • Modeling LIA parameter impact on short-duration temperature measurements.

Main Results:

  • Quantified the effect of LIA parameters (reference frequency, time constant, roll-off) on background suppression.
  • Determined the impact of background pulse characteristics on measurement accuracy.
  • Identified optimal LIA settings for minimizing background noise and maximizing temperature resolution.
  • Demonstrated LIA's capability for accurate temperature measurements of rapid thermal events.

Conclusions:

  • Effective utilization of lock-in amplifiers is critical for high-fidelity two-color fluorescence thermometry.
  • Understanding the interplay between LIA settings and experimental conditions enhances measurement precision.
  • This work provides a practical guide for optimizing LIA-based fluorescence thermometry experiments.