Invasive and Non-Invasive Remote Patient Monitoring Devices for Heart Failure: A Comparative Review of Technical...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Health Informatics

Background:

• Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health issue with high hospitalization rates.
• Remote patient monitoring (RPM) devices are increasingly used to manage HF and prevent hospitalizations.
• A wide range of invasive and non-invasive RPM devices are available, but their clinical adoption varies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing RPM devices for heart failure (HF) care.
• To analyze the technical characteristics and clinical efficacy of these devices.
• To provide a framework for evaluating the clinical adoption of RPM technology in HF.

Main Methods:

• Categorization of RPM devices based on the physical location of their sensing elements.
• Assessment of device development status using the Medical Device Readiness Level (MDRL).
• Outline of additional metrics for evaluating process efficiency and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

• A unified classification system for RPM devices based on sensor location is proposed.
• The Medical Device Readiness Level (MDRL) provides a combined technical and clinical perspective on device maturity.
• The review identifies a spectrum of RPM devices with varying levels of clinical readiness.

Conclusions:

• A structured framework is presented to evaluate the clinical adoption potential of RPM devices in heart failure.
• The proposed classification and evaluation metrics can guide future development and implementation of RPM technologies.
• Objective assessment of device readiness is crucial for successful integration into HF management.