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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler
Published on: October 14, 2020
Principles of Doppler ultrasound and emerging blood flow imaging
Dong-Guk Paeng1, Cheong-Ah Lee1,2, Cynthia Imtiaz1
1Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Abstract:
Doppler ultrasound is one of the oldest modalities for measuring and visualizing blood flow. This review paper explores the principles of Doppler ultrasound and blood flow imaging. Following a brief history of Doppler ultrasound, all Doppler modes, including B-Flow imaging, are discussed, with emphasis on spectral broadening and Doppler spectrum amplitude in relation to clinical implications. The paper also outlines sources of uncertainty in Doppler flow measurement. Emerging technologies in blood flow imaging are introduced, including microvascular flow imaging without contrast agents and four-dimensional vascular imaging from a two-dimensional transducer, which have been commercialized within the past decade, as well as row-column array transducer systems, high-frame-rate imaging, and photoacoustic imaging, which remain in preclinical and research stages.
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