Recent Progress in Wearable Bioelectronics for Theranostics and Perspectives with Artificial Intelligence

Wearable theranostics hold great promise in precision medicine and real-time monitoring of diseases, which are capable of performing both predictive analysis and therapeutics concurrently. This review, for the first time, provides a detailed description of wearable device applications in theranostic studies, including smart contact lenses, smart bandages, smart dressing, and wearable theranostic dental patch, as well as the practical use of wearable therapeutic devices in clinical settings. In addition, wearable technologies enhanced by machine learning techniques, which are capable of enhancing the precision of theranostics through autonomous learning in early stage diagnosis and treatment, image analysis, and predictive analytics, are analyzed. Third, the situation of commercialization of these bioelectronics is summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions for translation and commercialization of the wearable theranostics are discussed in detail. AI-assisted wearable theranostic systems are transitioning from laboratory innovations to clinical applications, enabling intelligent and convenient clinical translation and deployment models, as a paradigm shift in modern personalized medicine.