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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
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An updated comprehensive review on keratopigmentation.

Hassan Hashemi1, Ali Hadavandkhani2, Mehdi Khabazkhoob3

  • 1Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.

International Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Keratopigmentation offers benefits for both therapeutic and cosmetic uses. Therapeutic applications show higher complication rates and patient dissatisfaction compared to cosmetic uses, highlighting the need for careful patient selection.

Keywords:
corneal leukomacorneal opacitycosmeticiris abnormalitykeratopigmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Aesthetics

Background:

  • Keratopigmentation is used for both therapeutic and cosmetic purposes.
  • Therapeutic indications include corneal opacity, leukoma, and iris abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the outcomes and complications of therapeutic versus cosmetic keratopigmentation.
  • To analyze patient satisfaction and adverse effects in both settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on keratopigmentation outcomes.
  • Comparative analysis of reported results, complications, and patient satisfaction.

Main Results:

  • Therapeutic keratopigmentation addresses vision impairment and improves visual acuity, but has higher rates of adverse effects like inflammation and neovascularization.
  • Cosmetic keratopigmentation primarily aims for aesthetic improvement with fewer complications, though photophobia and ectasia are noted.
  • Higher dissatisfaction and discoloration/fading issues are reported in therapeutic cases.

Conclusions:

  • Keratopigmentation yields acceptable results in both therapeutic and cosmetic contexts, with cosmetic applications generally showing better outcomes.
  • Complication rates are significantly higher in therapeutic procedures, emphasizing the critical role of appropriate candidate selection.