Burnout in nursing: causal factors and impacts on health and professional performance - a systematic review

Burnout syndrome is characterized as a state of physical and psychological exhaustion related to the work environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the main causal factors of burnout in nursing professionals and their impact on physical and mental health, as well as on professional performance. This is a systematic review that used databases such as SciELO and PubMed to search for articles in English and Portuguese from 2020 to 2025. The selection of articles, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, was based on the following criteria: contributing factors to burnout, consequences of burnout, and prevalence of burnout. The selected articles were analyzed by two different reviewers, discarding those that did not fit the criteria described. It was concluded that overload, area of activity, and inadequate working conditions have a direct impact on this syndrome, resulting in a drop in professional performance, a decline in quality of life, and an impact on patient care.