Establishment and characterization of two patient-derived cell lines from a patient with gallbladder carcinoma

The patient-derived primary cell line (PDC) exhibits similar biological characteristics to the original tumor tissue, and is a unique translational medicine tool for studying the growth, differentiation, metastasis and drug sensitivity of malignant tumor cells. However, due to the limited number of PDC models of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and the high genetic heterogeneity of GBC, it is necessary to establish PDC models representing different types of GBC patients. The aim of this study is to establish GBC PDCs and characterize their biological features, which can be used as in vitro preclinical models for GBC.

Two PDCs were developed from one patient with GBC (JXQ-3D-1404R1 and JXQ-3D-1404R2). The two cancer cell lines were characterized with respect to phenotypic, molecular, and functional properties and drug sensitivity.

The JXQ-3D-1404R1 and JXQ-3D-1404R2 cell lines showed multiple cell shapes and characteristic epithelial morphologies with population doubling time (PDT) of approximately 19.5 and 17.5 hours, respectively. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis confirmed the origination of the two cell lines from primary tumor tissue. JXQ-3D-1404R1 and JXQ-3D-1404R2 cell lines showed similar proliferation, migration, and colony formation properties in vitro. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis revealed that both JXQ-3D-1404R1 and JXQ-3D-1404R2 had the same tumor protein 53 (TP53) and potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 3 (KCTD3) mutation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were 194.50, 14.08 and 148.40 μM in JXQ-3D-1404R1 cells and 2.67, 4.46 and 69.34 μM in JXQ-3D-1404R2 cells, respectively.

Our results confirmed the validity of the JXQ-3D-1404R1 and JXQ-3D-1404R2 cell lines as representative preclinical models for the elucidation of the carcinogenesis of GBC and for pharmaceutical development.