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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
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Precise localization techniques for small pulmonary nodules: what is next?

Chongde Pan1,2, Weijian Deng3, Yulin Zhao1,2

  • 1Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurately locating small pulmonary nodules for surgery is challenging. This review explores advanced techniques like CT-guided, bronchoscopy-guided, and 3D printing navigation to improve nodule localization and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Pulmonary noduleslocalization techniquesrobotic-assisted surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening increases detection of small pulmonary nodules.
  • Precise localization is crucial for minimally invasive resection, especially for deep or ground-glass nodules.
  • Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) faces challenges with nodules lacking tactile feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate advancements in preoperative and intraoperative pulmonary nodule localization techniques.
  • To identify limitations of current methods and explore emerging technologies for improved accuracy and safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computed tomography (CT)-guided methods (liquid agents, metallic markers, robotic puncture).
  • Evaluation of bronchoscopy-guided approaches (electromagnetic navigation, radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), robotic bronchoscopy).
  • Assessment of 3D printing navigation, augmented reality, and real-time noninvasive systems.

Main Results:

  • CT-guided methods have complications (e.g., pneumothorax 20%); bronchoscopic techniques have lower yields (18-60%).
  • Innovations like four-hook anchors and hybrid robotic systems show promise for accuracy and reduced learning curves.
  • Emerging technologies aim to enhance localization precision and patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Tailored strategies are needed for pulmonary nodule management, balancing efficacy, safety, and technology.
  • Integrating artificial intelligence with multi-modal platforms is a future direction for optimizing accuracy and accessibility.
  • Continued innovation is essential to overcome current localization challenges in VATS.