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Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Rent as a toxic exposure: The Bronx and Manhattan.

Deborah Wallace1

  • 1290W. 232 St., #17F, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA.

Public Health in Practice (Oxford, England)
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising rents in New York City correlate with negative public health outcomes. Increased median rent is linked to lower birth rates, higher obesity, and increased mortality from drug overdose and cerebrovascular disease.

Keywords:
Birth rateBronx and ManhattanCerebrovascular diseaseHeart disease, and diabetesHousing famineLow-weight birthsMedian rentMortality rates from drug overdoseObesity prevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • New York City faces a severe housing shortage, particularly for low-cost rentals, driving up rents and code violations.
  • Escalating housing costs present a significant challenge to urban populations globally.
  • The impact of housing costs on public health requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between median rent and public health indicators in the Bronx and Manhattan boroughs of New York City.
  • To determine if rent increases correlate with specific adverse health outcomes.
  • To explore potential threshold effects in rent-health relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Median rent data from the American Community Survey (2005-2021).
  • Public health data (birth rates, low-weight births, obesity, mortality from drug overdose, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, diabetes) from the NYC Department of Health.
  • Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Median rent showed a strong negative association with birth rates and a positive association with obesity prevalence in both boroughs.
  • Rates of low-weight births (Bronx), drug overdose deaths (Bronx and Manhattan), and cerebrovascular deaths (Bronx) initially declined but then rose, correlating with median rent.
  • Mortality rates for heart disease and diabetes exhibited a threshold effect but plateaued rather than increasing.

Conclusions:

  • Median rent acts similarly to a toxic chemical, inducing public health degradation with some outcomes showing threshold effects, akin to lead exposure.
  • The findings suggest that rent, like toxic substances, should be subject to regulation to mitigate public health impacts.
  • Policy interventions addressing rent control may be necessary to protect urban public health.