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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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Lower heart rate variability is associated with worse memory function: The Maastricht Study.

Chidera Okoro1,2, Tan Lai Zhou1,2, Carla Jh van der Kallen1,2

  • 1CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lower heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic function, is linked to poorer memory performance in adults. This finding suggests HRV may be an early indicator for cognitive decline, even in individuals without cardiovascular issues.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseautonomic nervous systemheart ratememory disorders

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Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Rising life expectancy increases the prevalence of age-related cognitive impairments, including Alzheimer's disease.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline is crucial for public health.
  • Lower heart rate variability (HRV), indicating reduced cardiac autonomic function, is a potential, yet unclear, risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance.
  • To examine the relationship between HRV and memory, executive function, and information processing speed.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized population-based, cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (N=9187).
  • Assessed 24-hour HRV using time and frequency domain measures.
  • Employed linear regression analyses, adjusting for cardiovascular confounders and testing for interactions by sex, age, and glucose metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Lower time and frequency domain HRV were significantly associated with worse memory function (equivalent to 1-1.5 years of aging).
  • No significant associations were found between HRV and executive function or information processing speed.
  • No interactions were observed regarding sex, age, or glucose metabolism status.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced heart rate variability is associated with diminished memory function in mid- to late-life individuals.
  • This association is independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
  • HRV may serve as an early indicator of cognitive changes, particularly in memory function.