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Updated: Jul 29, 2026

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Modeling of Cleft Anomalies: Enabling Bench-to-Bedside Discovery and Innovation

Mengying Shao1, Wuliang Diao2, Xuan Chen3

  • 1Department of Periodontal Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|October 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) research evaluates various animal models to understand its causes and treatments. Innovative technologies like 3D printing and genetic editing offer new therapeutic avenues for this common congenital anomaly.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Comparative Medicine

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a frequent congenital anomaly with significant health implications.
  • It results from embryonic developmental failures, causing lifelong aesthetic, functional, and psychological issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of diverse animal models used in CLP research.
  • To explore the potential of emerging technologies in advancing CLP understanding and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of existing research on CLP animal models.
  • Analysis of data from studies utilizing mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, goats, and primates.
  • Inclusion of recent advancements in 3D printing and genetic editing technologies.

Main Results:

  • Different animal models offer unique insights into CLP etiology and pathogenesis.
  • Innovative technologies show promise for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • A comprehensive overview of current animal modeling effectiveness in CLP research is provided.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are crucial for studying cleft lip and palate, with each species offering distinct advantages.
  • Emerging technologies like genetic editing and 3D printing are poised to revolutionize CLP research and patient care.
  • Further investigation into optimized animal models and novel technologies is essential for advancing CLP treatment.

Keywords:
cleft lipcleft palatesurgeryteratogen.

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