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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

In situ generated bubble-mediated porous ionically conductive hydrogels for hydrogel-based electronics.

Ping Wu¹, Xufei An¹, Bohui Zheng¹

¹Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovation Research, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.

Materials Horizons

|October 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Porous ionically conductive hydrogels (ICHs) enhance flexible electronics. Bubble-mediated pore creation boosts pressure sensor sensitivity and supercapacitor performance, offering a new pathway for hydrogel device improvement.

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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Polymer Science

Background:

Ionically conductive hydrogels (ICHs) are vital for flexible electronics.
Current ICHs face limitations in mechanoelectrical and electrochemical performance.
Developing novel hydrogel structures is crucial for advanced device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To create bubble-mediated porous ICHs for improved device performance.
To investigate the effect of pore structure on sensor sensitivity and supercapacitor efficiency.
To establish a new method for structural regulation in hydrogel-based devices.

Main Methods:

Generating CO2 bubbles via acid-base reactions within a PVA/PAANa pre-gel solution.
Utilizing bubble templating and cyclic freezing-thawing to form physically cross-linked porous ICHs.
Regulating pore structure by controlling acid-base reactant concentrations.

Main Results:

Achieved a 10-fold increase in capacitive pressure sensor sensitivity due to high-specific-area pores.
Demonstrated stable charge-discharge performance over 30,000 cycles with high coulombic efficiency in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
Successfully correlated bubble orientation with porous channel formation in ICHs.

Conclusions:

Bubble-mediated pore formation is an effective strategy to enhance ICH properties.
Porous ICHs significantly improve the performance of pressure sensors and zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
This method offers a novel approach for designing high-performance hydrogel-based electronic devices.