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GLP-1 receptor agonists and inflammatory pathway modulation: Dual targeting of metabolic and immune dysfunction in

Murtala A Ngabea1, Igbayilola Yusuff Dimeji2

  • 1Department of Medicine Maitama District Hospital/ College of Medicine Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|October 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) show promise for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity by improving glycaemic control and reducing inflammation. These agents act as immunometabolic modulators, impacting key inflammatory pathways involved in insulin resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Immunometabolism
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are established treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, primarily for their effects on glycaemic control and weight loss.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the anti-inflammatory properties of GLP-1RAs, suggesting a role beyond glucose metabolism.
  • Chronic low-grade inflammation is a key factor in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual impact of GLP-1RAs on both inflammatory and metabolic pathways.
  • To emphasize the potential of GLP-1RAs as immunometabolic modulators in managing metabolic disorders.
  • To highlight the therapeutic applications of GLP-1RAs in insulin resistance and related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on GLP-1RAs, inflammation, and metabolic disorders.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of GLP-1RAs on immune cell signaling pathways.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the modulation of key inflammatory mediators by GLP-1RAs.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1RAs influence immune functions and suppress inflammation by modulating signaling pathways like JNK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome.
  • These pathways are implicated in cellular stress responses and cytokine production, contributing to insulin resistance.
  • GLP-1RAs demonstrate a dual action, affecting both inflammatory and metabolic targets.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1RAs possess significant anti-inflammatory effects that complement their metabolic benefits.
  • By targeting key inflammatory pathways, GLP-1RAs can help manage insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
  • GLP-1RAs represent a promising class of immunometabolic modulators for comprehensive patient care.
Keywords:
And NLRP3. this dual mechanism improves insulin sensitivity and may prevent further metabolic complicationsCytokinesDue to their broad effectsEnabling more individualized and effective treatments for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1RAs provide a dual-action approach to treating insulin resistance by addressing both metabolic and immunological factors. in addition to lowering blood glucoseEspecially in patients with inflammatory conditionsGLP-1 receptor agonistsGLP-1RAsGlucose metabolismInflammatory pathwayInsulin resistanceJNKOr GLP-1 receptor agonistsShow promise for integrated therapiesSignificant statementThey reduce systemic inflammation by modulating pathways like NF-κB

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