The Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Patient-reported Outcomes in Adults With Non-Insulin-dependent Type 2...

Our aim in this study was to assess the effect of a 6-week continuous glucose monitor (CGM) intervention with telemonitoring-enabled virtual diabetes educator visits on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not using insulin.

Individuals with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) >7.0% (n=105) were computer randomized in an open-label parallel-group design (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05319496) to receive either 6 weeks of upfront CGM (weeks 0 to 6) (n=45) or enhanced usual care (n=41), both with virtual diabetes educator visits. The following outcomes were measured at baseline (week 0), 6 weeks, and 12 weeks using the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), the Diabetes Empowerment Scale---Short Form, the EuroQol-5D Visual Analogue Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire. Between-group differences in change scores for each outcome at 6 and 12 weeks were assessed using t tests.

Of the 105 participants (mean age 57 years, 51% male, A1C 8.1%) studied, 86 completed the trial. CGM participants exhibited a greater reduction in total PAID scores at 12 weeks vs baseline when compared with those not using CGM (p=0.03), with similar between-group differences observed for PAID subscales of emotional distress (p=0.02) and food-related problems (p=0.004). CGM participants also had larger improvements in diabetes empowerment at 6 weeks (p=0.009). We did not detect any differences in the number of antihyperglycemic medication classes, physical activity, and diet.

In adults with T2D not on insulin, CGM with virtual educator visits produced improvements in emotional and food-related distress and in diabetes-related empowerment at 12 weeks.