The association between intimate partner violence and suicide ideation and attempts among women: A systematic review...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects approximately 30 % of women worldwide and is a major public health problem. It has been increasingly linked to mental health challenges, notably suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between IPV (physical, sexual, and psychological violence) and suicidal ideation and attempts among women. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was pre-registered with PROSPERO.

Five major scientific databases were searched from inception to April 11, 2025. Studies with observational designs were identified. To assess the methodological quality of the selected studies, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used. A random-effect model meta-analysis was conducted. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Q Cochrane statistic, and its degree was estimated using the I² index.

A total of 34 studies were identified comprising 63,139 female participants from 17 countries. Results indicated a moderate, direct association between IPV and suicidal outcomes. Pooled Fisher's z-scores indicated moderate effects for multiple forms of IPV with suicide attempts (0.36, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.41) and suicidal ideation (0.38, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.41). Psychological IPV showed the strongest association with ideation (0.39, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.53). Significant associations were also observed for physical and sexual IPV. Adjusted estimates confirmed consistency (attempts: 0.32, ideation: 0.33), with odds of suicidality 3-5 times higher among IPV survivors (compared to women not experiencing IPV). Heterogeneity was high (I² > 90 %), and influenced by region, marital status, and study quality. No publication bias was detected.

IPV is significantly associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among women, with psychological abuse being notably impactful. The findings highlight IPV as a critical modifiable risk factor associated with preventing dying by suicide. Integrating IPV screening into mental health services is essential, with tailored interventions to address suicidal ideation through early identification and psychological support, and to prevent suicide attempts by enhancing safety planning and crisis intervention. Strengthening support systems, including counseling and legal aid, is vital to mitigate both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.