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Chandipura virus: A comprehensive review
Lonika Lodha1, Akila Swaminathan2, Abby John2
1Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 029, India.
Infectious Diseases Now
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Chandipura virus (CHPV) causes fatal encephalitis in children, with high fatality rates. This review explores CHPV epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment challenges, emphasizing vector control for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen identified in India.
- It causes severe, fatal acute encephalitis, particularly in children under 15.
- CHPV outbreaks have a high case fatality rate (57%-70%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review Chandipura virus (CHPV).
- To investigate CHPV epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatments.
- To highlight the public health threat and prevention strategies for CHPV.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on Chandipura virus.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, transmission vectors, and clinical case reports.
- Evaluation of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches for CHPV.
Main Results:
- CHPV is a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus transmitted by sandflies, potentially other arthropods.
- Infection presents with sudden fever, vomiting, and neurological deterioration.
- Current diagnostics include serology, molecular methods, and virus isolation.
Conclusions:
- There is no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for CHPV.
- Prevention relies on reducing vector-borne transmission.
- CHPV poses a significant threat, especially in resource-limited settings, necessitating further research and intervention.
