Diabetic Neuropathy Part 1: Overview and Symmetric Phenotypes

Diabetes is the most common cause of neuropathy in the United States, with diabetic neuropathy being the leading complication, ultimately affecting up to 50% of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various types of neuropathies can be associated with diabetes, with symptoms commonly including numbness, tingling, pain, and occasionally weakness. Metabolic, vascular, and immune theories have been proposed for the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Management of diabetic neuropathy should begin at the time of diabetes diagnosis and primarily focuses on glycemic control, along with diet and lifestyle modifications. Additionally, various medications are available to treat neuropathic pain.